Human IL-10

Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, is a major anti-inflammatory cytokine encoded by the IL10 gene, playing a critical role in regulating the immune response. It binds to its heterotetrameric receptor, initiating JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3, which then promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. IL-10 primarily targets antigen-presenting cells, inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reducing the expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby dampening T cell activation and reprogramming macrophage metabolism to control inflammation.