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Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a 159-amino-acid cytokine with a quaternary structure featuring alpha helices and loops. It is predominantly expressed in immune cells like monocytes, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes, but also interacts with non-immune cells such as endothelial and glial cells. IL-19 functions as both an anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic factor, promoting an anti-inflammatory immune response by inducing T-helper 2 (Th2) responses, while down-regulating IFN-gamma and up-regulating IL-4 and IL-13. It is produced by osteocytes and stimulates neutrophil formation. IL-19 exerts its effects through a receptor complex made up of IL20RA and IL20RB, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, particularly STAT3.