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Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a vital cytokine produced mainly by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells, playing a central role in regulating immune responses and maintaining tolerance. It binds to a receptor complex that activates downstream signaling pathways, including those involving JAK and STAT proteins, promoting T-cell growth, enhancing natural killer (NK) cell activity, and stimulating B-cell proliferation and antibody production. Additionally, IL-2 is crucial for the differentiation and homeostasis of various T-cell subsets, contributing to the adaptive immune system's effectiveness.