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Interleukin-3 (IL-3), encoded by the IL3 gene, is a cytokine primarily produced by activated T-lymphocytes, mast cells, and osteoblastic cells that regulates the production and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells into specific blood cell types. It plays a crucial role in activating mature basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes, while also promoting neural cell proliferation and supporting bone homeostasis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. IL-3 exerts its effects through a receptor complex that activates signaling pathways, including JAK2 and STAT5, facilitating cellular responses and survival under oxidative stress.