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IL-31 is an inflammatory cytokine that triggers cell-mediated immunity against pathogens and is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases like atopic dermatitis. It activates STAT3, and possibly STAT1 and STAT5, via its heterodimeric receptor composed of IL31RA and OSMR. IL-31 may function in skin immunity, enhances the survival of myeloid progenitor cells in vitro, and induces RETNLA and serum amyloid A protein expression in macrophages.