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IL-32 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine encoded by the IL32 gene, primarily found in higher mammals and expressed intracellularly. It has nine isoforms due to alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. IL-32 plays a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-8, and activates key signaling pathways, including NF-kappa-B and p38 MAPK.