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Interleukin-7 (IL-7), is a cytokine crucial for B and T cell development. It forms a heterodimer with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to stimulate pre-pro-B cell growth and is involved in T cell receptor rearrangement during early T cell development. IL7 can be produced by intestinal epithelial cells and may regulate intestinal mucosal lymphocytes. It is essential for lymphoid cell survival and maintaining naive and memory T cells. The gene undergoes alternative splicing to produce different isoforms, though the presence of some variants in normal tissues is unconfirmed. Elevated IL7 levels are associated with severe COVID-19, as it may be linked to both protective immune responses and harmful lung injury.