Mouse IL-10

A key immune regulatory cytokine known for its potent anti-inflammatory effects, IL-10 limits tissue damage from inflammation. It binds to a heterotetrameric receptor (IL10RA and IL10RB), triggering JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3, which then promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. IL-10 primarily targets antigen-presenting cells, inhibiting their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6, while also reducing MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecule expression, thus impairing T cell activation. Additionally, it reprograms macrophage metabolic pathways, including mTOR signaling, to control inflammation.