$65.00 - $125.00
A subunit that heterodimerizes with IL12B to form IL-12 or with EBI3 to create IL-35. Primarily produced by antigen-presenting cells like B-cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, IL-12A regulates T-cell and natural killer cell responses, induces interferon-gamma production, and promotes T-helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation, bridging innate and adaptive immunity. It signals through a receptor made of IL12R1 and IL12R2, leading to the phosphorylation of JAK kinases and STAT4, which then translocates to the nucleus to regulate responsive genes. As part of IL-35, it helps maintain immune homeostasis in the liver and has immune-suppressive functions. Signaling also involves unique receptors that activate STAT1 and STAT4, forming heterodimers that bind to specific DNA sites.