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An immunoregulatory cytokine that facilitates the transition between innate and adaptive immunity. IL-21 induces IgG1 and IgG3 production in B-cells and is crucial for the generation and maintenance of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, promoting germinal center formation. Together with IL-6, it is essential for an effective antibody response during acute viral infections. IL-21 also enhances the proliferation and maturation of natural killer (NK) cells, particularly in synergy with IL-15. Additionally, it regulates the proliferation of mature B- and T-cells and may inhibit dendritic cell activation during T-cell mediated immune responses.