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This cytokine pairs with IL12B to form IL-23, a key player in both innate and adaptive immunity. Released by antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells and macrophages, IL-23 binds to a receptor complex comprising IL12RB1 and IL23R. This activates JAK2 and TYK2, leading to the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT4 and triggering pro-inflammatory pathways such as p38 MAPK and NF-kappa-B. IL-23 is crucial for the expansion and survival of T-helper 17 cells, which produce IL-17, and it plays a role in autoimmune inflammation and tumorigenesis.